[LUM#6] Flowers at the Planet's Bedside

[LUM Magazine] - Published on September 19, 2017 in Science and Society

To remediate contaminated soil and polluted water, Claude Grison and his laboratory ChimEco are harnessing the power of nature. Healing the planet with plants: the idea is in full bloom.

It was 2007, and Claude Grison, a chemist, was not yet an ecologist when four of her students in a preparatory class for the grandes écoles proposed an original research topic: “Can we remediate contaminated soil using plants?” To help them, she delved into the existing literature.“I discovered plants in a whole new light,” she recalls. “When faced with pollution, they can’t just run away! They have only two options: adapt or disappear.”

Industrial Pollution

And those who have had the misfortune to be born on former mining sites must contend with the worst kind of pollutants: heavy metals. “These pollutants are inorganic and therefore non-biodegradable. If nothing is done, they will remain there, deep within the soil or in contaminated effluents, forever,” the chemist explains.

In Saint-Laurent-le-Minier, in the Gard department, Claude Grison discovered during his research the grim legacy of decades of industrial activity: soil contaminated with cadmium and lead, two byproducts of zinc mining. The mines have now disappeared from the landscape. Unfortunately, so have the plants: here, the lead concentration in the soil is 800 times higher than normal. With no vegetation to hold them in place, the metal particles—easily carried away by rain or wind—contaminate the region within a radius of more than 50 km.

Plant Frenzy

Yet, on these arid slopes, a few plants raise their timid blossoms toward the sun. How do they survive? These “hyperaccumulators,” known as Noccaea caerulescens, Anthyllis vulneraria or Iberis intermedia, all exhibit a remarkable adaptation strategy: they trap metal particles in their leaves, where they store them. Claude Grison, who uses them to clean up the soil in Saint-Laurent-le-Minier, affectionately calls them “plant follies” (Plants for Cleaning Up Soil and Water, 2016).

Since then, the method has proven highly successful, and his ChimEco laboratory has planted similar plants in Crete, Gabon, China, and New Caledonia. Everywhere, these valuable helpers are helping to stabilize severely degraded soils while using “phytoextraction” to capture the metal particles they contain: zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, and even palladium. Some of these metals are valuable: all that remains is to extract them from the leaves of these extraordinary plants using a 100% eco-friendly thermal and chemical treatment ( The Chemistry of the Future Lies in Plants, 2017).

Claude Grison’s laboratory is now turning its attention to a new field of research: water pollution. Some aquatic plants, in fact, have the same hyperaccumulation capabilities as their terrestrial counterparts. “This is a particularly critical issue,” the researchernotes . “Drinking water is becoming a scarce resource; we must preserve it. It has become one of humanity’s greatest challenges.”

Keywords: Chemistry, LUM#6, LUM Magazine, Research, Health, Science