[LUM#17] Innovation from Head to Toe
At the Saint-Priest campus, robotics engineers, computer scientists, and electronics engineers are applying their expertise to the field of surgery. Whether they are working on smart prosthetics, like the RFEF team at the Institute of Electronics and Systems (IES)* or on surgical robots, like the Dexter team at the Montpellier Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics, and Microelectronics (Lirmm)**, their motivation is the same: to ensure that innovation has a significant social impact.
In France, 100,000 people undergo knee replacement surgery each year. To improve patient care, orthopedic surgeon Stéphane Naudi, founder of the startup Bonetag, has developed a smart prosthesis equipped with a friction sensor to detect early signs of loosening and a tracking system to ensure continuity of care.
Techno through and through
“Stéphane Naudi came to see us back in 2013 because he had heard about our expertise in sensors and RFID tags,” recall Brice Sorli and Arnaud Vena, researchers atIES and scientific collaborators with Bonetag. An RFID tag is a radio-frequency identification technology used to track clothing, packaging, and even our dogs and cats. “It’s a device that contains a microprocessor, memory, and an antenna but doesn’t require a battery, ” explains Arnaud Vena. “For Bonetag, we needed a technology that would function for the entire lifespan of the prosthesis without requiring the patient to undergo another surgery to replace a battery.” " The inactive tag in the knee emits a radio-frequency signal when activated by a reader during the consultation. "
The challenge of this innovation lay in miniaturizing the implant. “Existing electronic prosthesis projects haven’t caught on because of their complexity,” explains Brice Sorli, “whereas the Bonetag implant is easy to integrate into any prosthesis thanks to a notched system for which the company has filed a patent.” " The electronics engineers succeeded in developing a microdevice containing the RFID tag, equipped with a miniature antenna—also patented—and a sensor that measures the adhesion between the bone and the prosthesis. They even went so far as to add a temperature sensor 'to detect any potential tissue infection,' notes Arnaud Vena. With four patents already to its credit, the Bonetag micro-implant may be small… but it’s mighty!
Compass in the Eye
Surgical robots are quite powerful, too. First introduced into the operating room in California in 1985, their precision has continued to improve ever since, as Philippe Poignet, director of LIRMM, confirms: “We perform operations with a precision of less than 10 microns. That’s ten times more precise than a surgeon’s hand.” In 2020, this robotics expert founded the startup AcuSurgical with his colleague Yassine Haddab and Zurich-based engineer Christophe Spuhler. Their mission? Robotics applied to retinal surgery, “a form of microsurgery so precise that it remains the preserve of an elite group of surgeons.” In partnership with two surgeons from Saint-Étienne, they launched the Retinoct project, combining imaging and robotics. Instead of a scalpel, the surgeon holds a joystick integrated into a console and connected to a robotic arm that instantly replicates their movements on the patient. The first human trials are scheduled for 2023…
In the Skin
Another example: the Astrid Blockprint project, which is reviving the Dermarob robot—developed in the 2000s by the LIRMM—to collect skin samples during reconstructive surgery for burn victims. Its updated version is back in service as part of a project with the Lyon-based startup LabSkinCreations, a manufacturer of liquid artificial dermis.“Its mission,” explains Philippe Poignet, “will be to perform robotic in-situ bioprinting of skin while precisely controlling the geometry and thickness of the print.”
Strong kidneys
Ergonomics is also a key area for improvement in surgical practice. Since 2015, Philippe Poignet, Nabil Zemiti (LIRMM), and Stéphane Droupy of the Nîmes University Hospital have been collaborating with STERLAB to develop a robotic assistant for the laser treatment of kidney stones. This is a long and delicate procedure involving the insertion of a flexible camera equipped with a laser into the patient’s urethra and guiding it all the way to the kidney.
“To remove a 1-centimeter stone,it takes about an hour, during which the surgeon remains in an uncomfortable position, standing between the patient’s legs, ” explains Philippe Poignet. With the ILY robot, which will replicate all his movements remotely, he will now be able to sit in front of a console and benefit from an imaging system and an augmented environment. Thanks to extremely sophisticated algorithms, ILY will be able to compensate for the natural physiological movements of both the patient and the surgeon, thereby providing additional precision. To date, 80 surgeries have already been performed, and two more are scheduled for this year.
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