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A Key Initiative for Innovative Interdisciplinary Research s in Plant Health and Agrosystems. Faced with the many biotic and abiotic risks affecting plants—such as diseases, pests, climate change, and intensive agricultural practices—plant health research has emerged as a major challenge. These challenges affect not only agricultural productivity but also food security, biodiversity, and ecological balance. In this context, the CLAPAS1 initiative proposes to explore plant health through a broad-based approach, drawing inspiration from the concept of the exposome, which encompasses all interactions between plants and their environment (soils, microbiomes, pests, beneficial organisms, etc.). This approach is fully aligned with the One Health perspective, linking plant, environmental, animal, and human health. Objectives of the Key Initiative CLAPAS aims to organize the Montpellier scientific community around three priority research areas: Mechanisms and ecology of biotic interactions in agrosystems. The role of microbiotes in plant adaptation to their environment. Epidemiological surveillance and adaptive dynamics of pests. This research pursues three main goals: To prevent risks, using tools such as ecological modeling, genomics, and epidemiological surveillance. To treat by developing innovative solutions such as the use of microbiota, metabolites, or natural enemies, as well as methods such as chemical confusion and the sterile insect technique. To strengthen resilience by assessing the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the proposed solutions. A Collaborative Approach This project brings together numerous laboratories from the “Agronomy, Environment, Biodiversity” (AEB) research cluster at I-Site, which unites several national research institutions (INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, University of Montpellier), and draws on international collaborations, particularly with countries in the Global South, which are severely affected by climate change. CLAPAS is also part of national and European initiatives and collaborates with non-academic stakeholders (FREDON, the Chamber of Agriculture, and specialized companies). By strengthening interdisciplinary synergies and promoting sustainable agricultural practices, CLAPAS aims to position Montpellier as a center of excellence in plant health research, firmly focused on the challenges of the future. Key Actions of the CLAPAS Key Initiative: Plant Health and an Integrated Approach CLAPAS implements interdisciplinary and collaborative actions to strengthen research and raise awareness regarding plant health, integrating the concepts of the exposome and One Health. These actions are directed at local research units and center on four main initiatives: Organization of scientific events: Conferences, workshops, and regular meetings will be organized to foster exchanges among researchers, disseminate findings, and build a dynamic scientific network focused on plant health. Support for interdisciplinary research projects: Funding will be allocated to collaborative projects involving multiple research units, with an emphasis on training Master’s students. These projects will encourage synergies with the social sciences, human health, and animal health, fostering innovative and integrative research. Research academies and specialized training: Training programs will be offered to researchers and doctoral students, particularly on key topics such as plant and environmental health, microbial communities, biodiversity, epidemiological modeling, and bioinformatics analysis. These training programs aim to strengthen the skills of young scientists and research teams. Science-Society Interactions: Surveys will be conducted to better understand how local stakeholders perceive plant health (e.g., community gardens in Montpellier). At the same time, awareness-raising workshops for the general public will be organized during events such as the Fête de la Science or the project’s closing conference. These ambitious initiatives aim to build a research community focused on plant health, encourage innovative and sustainable approaches, and raise public awareness of issues related to plant health from a global perspective.